In an age dominated by industrial agriculture and monoculture farming, Nepal is rediscovering the value of its forgotten crops. As global food systems become increasingly uniform, traditional crops that once thrived in Nepal’s diverse regions have been marginalized. However, a growing movement to revive these crops is not only preserving the country’s rich agricultural heritage but also playing a crucial role in revitalizing local economies.
The Importance of Agro-Biodiversity in Nepal
Nepal’s unique geography, ranging from the subtropical plains of the Terai to the temperate and alpine regions of the Himalayas, makes it a treasure trove of agro-biodiversity. This diversity has enabled the cultivation of a variety of traditional crops, each adapted to specific climates and soil conditions. However, the shift towards cash crops like rice, maize, and wheat has led to a decline in the cultivation of many indigenous grains, pulses, and tubers.
Reviving forgotten crops is crucial for enhancing agro-biodiversity, which in turn helps create resilient agricultural systems. Crops like millet, barley, buckwheat, amaranth, and various local beans and lentils have a natural ability to adapt to Nepal’s varied micro-climates. This makes them less reliant on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, reducing production costs and promoting sustainable farming practices. Additionally, many of these crops require less water, making them ideal for rain-fed farming systems in Nepal’s hill regions.
Economic Potential of Forgotten Crops in Nepal
Reviving forgotten crops holds significant potential for improving the livelihoods of Nepalese farmers. These crops can open up niche markets for unique products that appeal to consumers looking for traditional flavors, health benefits, and environmentally friendly choices. For example, buckwheat, which was once a staple in the Himalayan regions, is making a comeback. It is now being processed into flour for making traditional dishes like “dhedo” and “roti,” as well as gluten-free baked goods for health-conscious consumers.
Similarly, millet, once considered a food of the poor, is gaining popularity as a superfood, thanks to its high nutritional content and ability to thrive in Nepal’s hilly terrain. Products like millet flour, porridge, and snacks are finding their way back into local markets, and even reaching urban consumers. This has enabled farmers to command higher prices for their produce, creating new income opportunities in regions where economic alternatives are limited.
Another example is amaranth, locally known as “latte,” a nutrient-rich pseudocereal that is well-adapted to the high-altitude regions of Nepal. Amaranth’s potential as a health food has opened up markets in both local and international markets. Its resurgence has allowed farmers in remote areas to tap into demand for organic and nutrient-dense foods.
Success Stories of Crop Revivals in Nepal
Several success stories in Nepal demonstrate how forgotten crops can drive local economic growth. In the mountainous regions of Humla and Jumla, the revival of traditional barley and buckwheat has helped local farmers find new markets. These crops, once overshadowed by rice and wheat, are now being promoted by local cooperatives and NGOs. Farmers are producing barley flour, buckwheat noodles, and other traditional products, which are sold at a premium to tourists and urban consumers in Kathmandu and Pokhara.
The Karnali region, known for its rich variety of pulses like black gram, horse gram, and pigeon pea, is another example of agro-biodiversity revival. With support from agricultural programs and cooperatives, farmers have reintroduced these pulses, which are rich in protein and ideal for the region’s dry climate. The reintroduction of these crops not only supports local food security but also generates income through value-added products like lentil-based snacks and soups.
Moreover, Nepal’s rewilding of indigenous rice varieties, such as “Jumli Marsi” and “Chhatare,” has captured the interest of consumers looking for authentic and organic rice options. These varieties, which grow well in high-altitude conditions, have historical significance and distinct flavor profiles. The resurgence of these rice varieties has not only benefited the farmers but also brought a taste of Nepal’s heritage to the modern market.
Challenges to Reviving Forgotten Crops in Nepal
Despite their potential, the revival of forgotten crops in Nepal faces several challenges. A significant barrier is the lack of research and development dedicated to improving the productivity of these crops. While major cereals like rice and wheat have benefited from extensive research, traditional crops often lack access to improved seed varieties and cultivation techniques. This can make it difficult for farmers to achieve high yields, discouraging them from planting these crops.
Another challenge is the limited consumer awareness about the nutritional and cultural value of these crops. Many younger generations in Nepal have grown up with a preference for rice and wheat-based foods, leading to a declining demand for traditional grains like millet and buckwheat. Marketing campaigns and educational efforts are needed to reintroduce these crops to urban consumers, emphasizing their health benefits and traditional importance.
The Way Forward: A Collaborative Approach for Nepal
Reviving forgotten crops in Nepal requires a coordinated effort between farmers, local governments, non-governmental organizations, and private companies. Local governments can play a crucial role by offering subsidies and support programs for the cultivation of traditional crops. Agricultural research institutions in Nepal can focus on developing high-yielding, pest-resistant varieties of these crops, making them more attractive to farmers.
Non-governmental organizations and cooperatives are instrumental in providing training, seeds, and access to markets. For example, community seed banks can ensure that farmers have access to indigenous seed varieties, preserving local genetic diversity. Additionally, festivals and food fairs that celebrate traditional foods can serve as platforms for promoting these crops, introducing them to new audiences.
The private sector, too, can play a role by investing in value-added products like buckwheat pasta, millet-based snacks, or packaged amaranth. This can help expand the market for these crops beyond local boundaries and create new opportunities for export.
Conclusion: A Win-Win for Nepal’s Nature and Communities
Reviving forgotten crops in Nepal is about more than just bringing back old flavors—it’s about fostering resilience, preserving cultural heritage, and empowering local communities. By embracing agro-biodiversity, Nepal can create food systems that are more adaptable to climate change and more inclusive for smallholder farmers. As consumers, both in Nepal and abroad, become more aware of the value of these traditional crops, there is a unique opportunity to build sustainable food systems that honor the country’s agricultural heritage.
These efforts not only ensure the survival of diverse crop varieties but also create economic opportunities in regions where traditional farming knowledge can be leveraged for modern markets. In doing so, the revival of forgotten crops holds the promise of nourishing the people of Nepal while keeping the country’s rich agricultural history alive, ensuring that the fields and terraces of Nepal continue to yield prosperity for generations to come.
