Permafrost is any ground that remains completely frozen—32°F (0°C) or colder—for at least two years straight. These permanently frozen grounds are most common in regions with high mountains and in Earth’s higher latitudes—near the North and South Poles. Permafrost covers large regions of the Earth. Almost a quarter of the land area in the Northern…
INTRODUCTION Pollinator populations are declining worldwide and over 87% of flowering plant species and 87 of the leading global food crops rely on pollinators for seed production. Pollinator decline seriously impacts biodiversity conservation, reduces crop yield, and threatens food security. Pollinator populations around the world have been declining at an alarming rate in recent decades…
Introduction Agriculture has been a cornerstone of human civilization, allowing societies to develop and thrive. However, as farming practices have evolved, particularly in the past century, the environmental consequences have become increasingly clear. Modern agriculture, characterized by intensive monoculture, extensive use of chemical inputs, and mechanization, poses a significant threat to biodiversity. The loss of…
Introduction: Nepal, despite its small territory, is celebrated for its rich biodiversity and diverse ecosystems that support a wide array of plant and animal species. This vital natural diversity faces significant threats from anthropogenic activities, climate change, pollution, fragmentation and introduction of invasive alien plant species (IAPS). Invasive alien plant species (IAPS) is a species…
Nepal, one of the most climate-vulnerable countries in the world, is facing increasing threats from climate change. Major contributing factors, including deforestation, greenhouse gas emissions, glacier bursts, and unplanned urbanization, are accelerating environmental degradation. These changes are raising global temperatures, resulting in irregular seasonal cycles. The once-predictable monsoon is now erratic, bringing intense flooding, while…
Nepal is renowned for its rich agrobiodiversity, which is deeply rooted in the indigenous knowledge systems of its diverse ethnic communities. This review examines the significant contributions of traditional knowledge to the conservation and sustainable utilization of agrobiodiversity in Nepal. We highlight specific agricultural practices, seed-saving techniques, and cultural traditions that underscore the vital role…
Climate change is no longer just a topic of debate or something for future generations to worry about. It’s happening right now, and the effects are visible across the globe—from more intense storms to rising sea levels and record-breaking heatwaves. One of the biggest drivers of climate change is the burning of fossil fuels like…
Abstract Genetic resources in agriculture, comprising crop varieties, livestock breeds, and microorganisms, are critical for ensuring global food security and agricultural resilience. However, climate change, marked by rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events, poses significant threats to these genetic resources. This study aims to explore how climate change affects…
Both the world’s population and the demand for water have been rising steadily. Water resources, on the other hand, are scarce and only provide about 2% of the water that is accessible in nature overall. The rate of water supply and demand is directly impacted by population increase. For instance, between 1990 and 1995, the…
Kaski, which stands in the shadow of the mighty Annapurna Range, is world-renowned for its picturesque landscapes, and tranquil lakes, and is a gateway to some of Nepal’s most popular trekking routes including Annapurna Circuit Trek, The Great Macchapuchre Trail, The Kori Trail The Poon Hill Trek, and so on. However, beyond its natural exquisiteness and adventure…
